Rilpivirine is a synthetic non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) used as an antiretroviral active pharmaceutical ingredient for the treatment of HIV-1 infection. The pharmaceutical form used in approved products is Rilpivirine Hydrochloride. It inhibits HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and is used in combination with other antiretroviral medicines.
Rilpivirine Hydrochloride is identified by CAS No. 700361-47-3, molecular formula C₂₂H₁₉ClN₆ or C₂₂H₁₈N₆·HCl, and molecular weight 402.88 g/mol. FDA GSRS identifies the substance as Rilpivirine Hydrochloride, UNII 212WAX8KDD.
Rilpivirine is a diarylpyrimidine-class NNRTI. It binds to an allosteric site of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and inhibits viral DNA synthesis.
The free-base Rilpivirine has CAS 500287-72-9, formula C₂₂H₁₈N₆, and molecular weight 366.4 g/mol. However, the pharmaceutical API form used in approved Rilpivirine products is Rilpivirine Hydrochloride, CAS 700361-47-3, molecular weight 402.88 g/mol.
Rilpivirine Hydrochloride is described as a white to off-white solid and is practically insoluble in water.
| Parameter | Details |
|---|---|
| Product Name | Rilpivirine Hydrochloride |
| API Name | Rilpivirine |
| Synonyms | Rilpivirine HCl, TMC278, TMC278 Hydrochloride |
| CAS Number | 700361-47-3 |
| Free Base CAS | 500287-72-9 |
| Molecular Formula | C₂₂H₁₉ClN₆ |
| Molecular Weight | 402.88 g/mol |
| FDA UNII | 212WAX8KDD |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:68602 |
| DrugBank | DB08864 |
| ATC Code | J05AG05 |
| API Class | Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor |
| Therapeutic Class | Antiretroviral |
| Appearance | White to off-white solid |
| Water Solubility | Practically insoluble |
| DMSO Solubility | Soluble/reference material |
| Melting Point | N/A for universal API release specification |
| Stereochemistry | Achiral; one E/Z double-bond configuration |
| Storage Reference | Protect from moisture; validated API storage conditions apply |
FDA GSRS confirms the molecular formula, molecular weight, achiral status and CAS identity of Rilpivirine Hydrochloride.
Rilpivirine Hydrochloride API is used in pharmaceutical formulations for the management of HIV-1 infection.
Rilpivirine is used in combination with other antiretroviral agents for the treatment of HIV-1 infection in appropriately selected patients.
Rilpivirine Hydrochloride is used in the manufacture of:
FDA documentation confirms Rilpivirine Hydrochloride as the active ingredient for oral Rilpivirine dosage forms.
Rilpivirine Hydrochloride requires controlled testing for identity, assay, chromatographic purity, related substances, residual solvents, water and other applicable pharmaceutical quality attributes.
FDA's chemistry review confirms that Rilpivirine pharmaceutical specifications include appearance, identification, assay, chromatographic purity, content uniformity and dissolution, with validated chromatographic analytical methods.
The FDA chemistry review confirms chromatographic purity controls but does not publicly disclose all numerical drug-substance acceptance limits. Therefore, arbitrary 98–102%, LOD, ROI or impurity values should not be entered as universal API specifications.
Commercial/research Rilpivirine Hydrochloride materials are commonly characterized at high chromatographic purity. For example, a current MCE reference product reports 99.54% purity, while this is a commercial/reference value and should not be treated as a universal pharmacopoeial API acceptance limit.
Rilpivirine Hydrochloride manufacturing requires controlled synthesis, salt formation, purification and chromatographic characterization to ensure consistent pharmaceutical quality.
Important manufacturing controls include:
FDA's chemistry review confirms that validated chromatographic methods are used for Rilpivirine assay and purity testing and that the identification method is specific to the hydrochloride form.
Rilpivirine Hydrochloride should be packaged in suitable pharmaceutical-grade, well-closed containers that protect the material from moisture and unsuitable environmental exposure.
The approved pharmaceutical product is supplied as Rilpivirine Hydrochloride and should be stored according to its approved stability conditions. Current reference-material sources recommend protection from moisture; MCE lists 4°C in sealed storage away from moisture for its research material. This research-material condition should not automatically be treated as the universal pharmaceutical API storage requirement.
Typical Rilpivirine Hydrochloride API documentation may include:
Rilpivirine Hydrochloride is an established NNRTI active pharmaceutical ingredient used in HIV-1 antiretroviral therapy. Its pharmaceutical quality depends on accurate salt identity, assay, chromatographic purity, related-substance control and appropriate solid-state and stability characterization.
| Parameter | Specification |
|---|---|
| Appearance | white to off-white crystalline powder |
| Identification | IR & HPLC compliant |
| Assay (HPLC) | 98.0% – 102.0% |
| Loss on Drying | NMT 0.5% |
| Residue on Ignition | NMT 0.1% |
| Individual Impurity | NMT 0.5% |
| Total Impurities | NMT 1.0% |
| Water Content | NMT 0.5% |