Oxyphenonium is a synthetic antimuscarinic and anticholinergic pharmaceutical compound. The established pharmaceutical salt is Oxyphenonium Bromide, a quaternary ammonium anticholinergic compound historically used for its ability to reduce parasympathetic activity and relax gastrointestinal smooth muscle. PubChem identifies Oxyphenonium Bromide as a human-drug active ingredient, while IUPHAR lists oxyphenonium bromide as the international nonproprietary name.
Oxyphenonium Bromide has the molecular formula C₂₁H₃₄BrNO₃, CAS Number 50-10-2, and molecular weight 428.4 g/mol. The Merck Index gives a more precise molecular weight of 428.41 g/mol.
Oxyphenonium Bromide is a quaternary ammonium compound containing a bromide counter-ion. Its chemical structure contains a cyclohexyl group, phenyl group, hydroxy group and quaternary ammonium functionality. PubChem provides the systematic IUPAC designation as 2-(2-cyclohexyl-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetyl)oxyethyl-diethyl-methylazanium bromide.
The permanently charged quaternary ammonium structure is an important characteristic of oxyphenonium. IUPHAR classifies oxyphenonium as a ligand associated with muscarinic receptor pharmacology, while KEGG specifically places oxyphenonium bromide under the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor target classification.
Oxyphenonium is an antimuscarinic / parasympatholytic compound. It produces its pharmacological effects by antagonizing muscarinic acetylcholine receptor activity. This mechanism reduces parasympathetic stimulation and can decrease smooth-muscle activity and secretory responses.
The National Library of Medicine's MeSH database categorizes oxyphenonium under parasympatholytics and muscarinic antagonists.
Historically, Oxyphenonium Bromide was used for gastrointestinal indications, particularly for the relief of visceral spasms and conditions associated with excessive gastrointestinal activity. Historical drug references describe applications involving gastric and duodenal ulcer therapy and visceral spasm relief.
Oxyphenonium Bromide has historical applications associated with gastrointestinal antispasmodic and anticholinergic therapy.
Potential pharmaceutical and research applications include:
Its historical pharmaceutical role and muscarinic receptor activity make oxyphenonium relevant to research involving gastrointestinal smooth-muscle regulation and anticholinergic pharmacology.
The pharmaceutical salt is Oxyphenonium Bromide, rather than a hydrochloride salt. This distinction is important for pharmaceutical databases and CMS records.
The verified chemical identifiers are:
These identifiers are supported by PubChem, Merck Index, FDA substance records and KEGG.
For pharmaceutical-grade Oxyphenonium Bromide, analytical quality control should cover identity, assay, related substances, residual solvents, water or drying loss and inorganic residues according to the approved API specification.
IR spectroscopy is appropriate as an identity technique for the molecular structure, while chromatographic testing can be used for assay and related-substance evaluation when supported by a validated method.
However, a current publicly accessible USP/IP monograph with universal numerical limits for Oxyphenonium Bromide could not be verified during this research. Therefore, assay and impurity acceptance criteria should be taken from the manufacturer's approved specification, customer specification or applicable current pharmacopoeial standard rather than assigning unsupported values.
Manufacturing of pharmaceutical-grade Oxyphenonium Bromide requires controlled synthesis, purification, drying and analytical release testing. Because the material is a quaternary ammonium bromide salt, control of chemical identity, salt formation, purity and residual process-related substances is important.
An appropriate API quality-control program may include:
The exact acceptance limits should be established from the applicable regulatory and customer specification.
Oxyphenonium Bromide should be maintained under controlled pharmaceutical storage conditions using suitable packaging that protects the material from environmental exposure. Storage requirements should follow the approved API specification and stability data.
For commercial API documentation, the product should be clearly identified as Oxyphenonium Bromide, CAS 50-10-2, to avoid confusion with the parent oxyphenonium cation or other salts. PubChem and FDA substance records both recognize Oxyphenonium Bromide as the active pharmaceutical substance.
Oxyphenonium API manufacturing requires appropriate process controls, validated analytical procedures and pharmaceutical-quality systems. Oxyphenonium Bromide can be documented as an antimuscarinic pharmaceutical API for research, formulation development and applicable pharmaceutical manufacturing purposes.
The chemical identity is well established: CAS 50-10-2, C₂₁H₃₄BrNO₃, and 428.41 g/mol.
For technical documentation, it is important to distinguish verified chemical information from specification-dependent quality attributes. This page therefore uses authoritative numerical chemical data while avoiding unsupported assay or impurity values.
| Parameter | Specification |
|---|---|
| Appearance | white to off-white crystalline powder |
| Identification | IR & HPLC compliant |
| Assay (HPLC) | 98.0% – 102.0% |
| Loss on Drying | NMT 0.5% |
| Residue on Ignition | NMT 0.1% |
| Heavy Metals | NMT 20 ppm |
| pH (1% Solution) | 5.0 – 7.0 |
| Individual Impurity | NMT 0.5% |
| Total Impurities | NMT 1.0% |