Milrinone is a bipyridine cardiotonic agent and selective phosphodiesterase-3 (PDE-3) inhibitor. It has both positive inotropic and vasodilator effects and is used primarily in hospital settings for short-term cardiovascular support.
Milrinone increases intracellular cyclic AMP in cardiac and vascular smooth muscle. In cardiac muscle, this increases contractile force, while in vascular smooth muscle it promotes relaxation and vasodilation.
Milrinone is a specialized cardiovascular pharmaceutical API used in the manufacture of milrinone-containing injectable formulations.
The API is particularly relevant to pharmaceutical development involving acute heart failure, low cardiac output states and cardiovascular critical care.
CAS Number: 78415-72-2
Molecular Formula: C12H9N3O
Molecular Weight: 211.22 g/mol
Chemical Name: 1,6-Dihydro-2-methyl-6-oxo-[3,4′-bipyridine]-5-carbonitrile
Drug Class: Bipyridine Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor
Therapeutic Class: Positive Inotropic Agent / Vasodilator
Therapeutic Area: Cardiology / Critical Care
Molecule Type: Synthetic Small Molecule
The USP monograph identifies Milrinone as C12H9N3O with molecular weight 211.22 and CAS 78415-72-2.
Milrinone selectively inhibits PDE-3 in cardiac and vascular muscle.
This produces:
Milrinone is structurally and mechanistically distinct from cardiac glycosides and catecholamines.
Milrinone API is associated with:
Milrinone is primarily formulated as milrinone lactate injection for intravenous administration.
Commercial injectable products include a concentration equivalent to 1 mg milrinone per mL, while ready-to-use dextrose formulations may contain 200 mcg/mL.
Milrinone is described as an off-white to tan crystalline compound. It is slightly soluble in methanol and very slightly soluble in chloroform and water according to current U.S. product labeling.
A controlled Milrinone API manufacturing process may involve:
Milrinone API quality control may include:
Store Milrinone API in a tightly closed pharmaceutical container under controlled storage conditions, protected from excessive heat, moisture and direct light.
Milrinone is relevant to research involving:
Milrinone is a PDE-3 inhibitor and positive inotropic/vasodilator agent with CAS Number 78415-72-2, molecular formula C12H9N3O, and molecular weight 211.22 g/mol. The USP monograph defines Milrinone at NLT 98.0% and NMT 102.0%, calculated on the anhydrous basis.
| Parameter | Specification |
|---|---|
| Appearance | White crystalline powder or crystals |
| Identification | IR & HPLC compliant |
| Assay (HPLC) | 98.0% – 102.0% |
| Loss on Drying | NMT 1.0% |
| Residue on Ignition | NMT 0.5% |
| Individual Impurity | NMT 0.5% |
| Total Impurities | NMT 1.0% |
| Water Content | NMT 1.0% |