Loxapine is a dibenzoxazepine antipsychotic API belonging to the chemical class of tricyclic antipsychotic agents. It is used in the treatment of schizophrenia and acts primarily through modulation of dopamine and serotonin neurotransmission in the central nervous system.
Loxapine is available in pharmaceutical formulations such as oral capsules and inhalation dosage forms. Its pharmacological activity is associated with antagonism at several neurotransmitter receptors, including dopamine D2 and serotonin 5-HT2 receptors.
Loxapine is a specialized CNS pharmaceutical API used in the manufacture of antipsychotic formulations.
Important quality attributes include identity, assay, related substances, water content, residue on ignition, residual solvents, elemental impurities and particle characteristics.
CAS Number: 1977-10-2
Molecular Formula: C18H18ClN3O
Molecular Weight: 327.81 g/mol
Chemical Name: 2-chloro-11-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)dibenzo[b,f][1,4]oxazepine
Synonyms: Loxapine Base, Loxapine Free Base
Drug Class: Antipsychotic
Therapeutic Class: Antipsychotic Agent
Therapeutic Area: Psychiatry / CNS
Molecule Type: Synthetic Small Molecule
Loxapine exerts its pharmacological effects through interaction with multiple neurotransmitter receptors in the central nervous system.
Its activity includes antagonism of:
This receptor activity contributes to its antipsychotic effects and modulation of neurotransmission associated with schizophrenia.
Loxapine API is used in pharmaceutical formulations for:
Loxapine may be incorporated into:
The inhaled formulation of loxapine is designed for rapid systemic delivery through the lungs and has been used for the acute treatment of agitation associated with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder in appropriate clinical settings.
Loxapine is generally described as a white to off-white crystalline solid/powder. Its physicochemical properties support its use as an active ingredient in pharmaceutical dosage forms.
A controlled Loxapine API manufacturing process may involve:
Typical Loxapine API testing may include:
Store Loxapine API in a tightly closed container under controlled pharmaceutical storage conditions, protected from excessive heat, moisture and direct light. Final storage conditions should follow the manufacturer's validated stability data.
Loxapine is relevant to research involving:
Loxapine is a dibenzoxazepine antipsychotic API with CAS Number 1977-10-2, molecular formula C18H18ClN3O, and molecular weight 327.81 g/mol. It acts on multiple neurotransmitter receptor systems, particularly dopaminergic and serotonergic pathways, and is primarily associated with pharmaceutical treatment of schizophrenia.
| Parameter | Specification |
|---|---|
| Appearance | White to off-white crystalline powder |
| Identification | IR & HPLC compliant |
| Assay (HPLC) | 98.0% – 102.0% |
| Loss on Drying | NMT 1.0% |
| Residue on Ignition | NMT 0.5% |
| Heavy Metals | NMT 20 ppm |
| Individual Impurity | NMT 0.5% |
| Total Impurities | NMT 2.0% |
| Water Content | NMT 1.0% |
| Melting Point | Approximately 108°C – 112°C |