Hesperidin is a naturally occurring citrus bioflavonoid and flavanone glycoside found predominantly in citrus fruits such as oranges, lemons, grapefruit and tangerines. It is an important plant-derived pharmaceutical and nutraceutical ingredient used in research and the development of products associated with vascular, antioxidant and nutritional applications.
Hesperidin has the molecular formula C28H34O15 and a molecular weight of 610.57 g/mol. Its CAS Number is 520-26-3. Chemically, Hesperidin is the 7-O-rutinoside of hesperetin and belongs to the flavanone glycoside class.
Hesperidin is obtained naturally from citrus sources and can be purified to pharmaceutical, nutraceutical or research grades. It occurs as a crystalline powder and is characterized by its low water solubility and characteristic flavonoid structure.
The United States Pharmacopeia includes a Hesperidin monograph defining the material as containing not less than 90.0% and not more than 102.0% Hesperidin, calculated on the dried basis. This provides a recognized quality framework for Hesperidin material.
Hesperidin has the molecular formula C28H34O15 and a molecular weight of 610.57 g/mol. It is generally described as a white to light-yellow or light-brown crystalline powder. It is slightly soluble in water and alcohols and soluble in solutions of alkali hydroxides.
Hesperidin is commonly obtained from citrus-derived raw materials through extraction, concentration, purification and controlled drying. Manufacturing and purification processes are designed to achieve the required assay, control related substances and maintain consistent physical and chemical characteristics.
Quality control may include identification, assay, water content or loss on drying, optical rotation, melting point, related substances, elemental impurities and other tests specified by the applicable pharmacopoeial or manufacturer specification.
For pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications, Hesperidin quality is evaluated using chromatographic and physicochemical methods. USP specifies an assay range of 90.0% to 102.0% on the dried basis. The TGA compositional guideline specifies Hesperidin as a pale yellow to yellow-green crystalline hygroscopic powder, with water content not more than 5.0% w/w and melting point of 258–262°C.
Hesperidin should be stored in a tightly closed container, protected from excessive moisture, heat and direct light. Because Hesperidin may be hygroscopic, controlled storage conditions are recommended. Specific storage conditions should follow the manufacturer's approved specification and stability data.
Hesperidin is an established citrus-derived flavonoid glycoside with applications in pharmaceutical research, nutraceutical development and analytical testing. Its defined chemical identity and recognized USP monograph make it a well-characterized ingredient for controlled pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications.
| Parameter | Specification |
|---|---|
| Appearance | White to off-white crystalline powder |
| Identification | IR & HPLC compliant |
| Assay (HPLC) | 98.0% – 102.0% |
| Loss on Drying | NMT 5.0% |
| Residue on Ignition | NMT 0.5% |
| Individual Impurity | NMT 2.0% |
| Total Impurities | NMT 10.0% |
| Melting Point | 258–262°C |